Other elements in the equation above generally have an effect not exceeding 1.5 m/s. Tube wear, propellant efficiency, and projectile weight are the items normally accounted for in determination of a muzzle velocity. MVV (m/s) = SHOOTING STRENGTH OF WPN + AMMUNITION EFFICIENCY (For further discussion of muzzle velocity, see Chapter 4.) The following equation for muzzle velocity is valid for our purposes: Application of corrections to compensate for the effects of nonstandard muzzle velocity is an important element in computing accurate firing data. This comparison gives the variation from standard, called muzzle velocity variation (MVV), for that weapon and projectile family-propellant type-charge combination. The resulting measurement(s) are compared to the standard muzzle velocity shown in the firing table(s). Actual measurements of the muzzle velocities of a sample of rounds corrected for the effects of nonstandard projectile weight and propellant temperature show the performance of a specific weapon for that projectile family-propellant type-charge combination. This velocity, called muzzle velocity (MV), is expressed in meters per second (m/s). The total effect of all interior ballistic factors determines the velocity at which the projectile leaves the muzzle of the tube, which directly influences the range achieved by the projectile. Interior ballistics is the science that deals with the factors that affect the motion of the projectile within the tube. Terminal ballistics are discussed in Appendix B. Interior, transitional, and exterior ballistics directly affect the accuracy of artillery fire and are discussed in this chapter. Ballistics can be broken down into four areas: interior, transitional, exterior, and terminal. To ensure accurate predicted fire, we must strive to account for and minimize those factors that cause round-to-round variations, particularly muzzle velocity. Gunnery is the practical application of ballistics so that the desired ejects are obtained by fire. A fundamental understanding of ballistics is necessary to comprehend the factors that influence precision and accuracy and how to account for them in the determination of firing data. Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for FIELD ARTILLERY MANUAL CANNON GUNNERYÄ«allistics is the study of the firing, flight, and effect of ammunition.
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